You’ve probably heard about the gut microbiome and the oral microbiome, but did you know there’s a vaginal microbiome too? 

Whether you prioritize feminine health this year or are ready to geek out on some science, here’s everything you need to know about the vaginal microbiome.

What is the vaginal microbiome?

What exactly is the vaginal biome? According to Harvard Medical School, “The female genital tract is naturally colonized by mixed communities of bacteria, known as the vaginal microbiome.” 

Basically, the vaginal microbiome is the collection of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that live in a vagina. “When these communities are dominated by species such as Lactobacillus crispatus, the bacteria provide important protective functions in genital health,” according to Harvard Medical School.

It’s not just important for vaginal health either. The balance of microbes in the vagina is vital to overall feminine health. Just like the gut, the microbes in the vagina are diverse and plentiful — and what type of vaginal microbiota live there matters. In fact, the vaginal microbiome might be affecting your overall health and wellness without you even realizing it.

Importance of the vaginal biome

The vagina is home to vaginal microbiota, or vaginal flora, which are beneficial organisms that happily reside on the vaginal walls and within the vaginal fluid. These little dudes (or dudettes) can help prevent and protect against STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. They also help HPV infections clear up on their own — and they help keep you feeling happy and healthy.

However, when your vaginal microbiome is out of balance, it can lead to a condition called bacterial vaginosis (BV), which affects millions of women each year. 30% to be exact, according to Harvard Medical School. 

BV carries with it an increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and, in pregnant individuals, premature birth. 

Javier Saldaña, board-certified ob-gyn at Vida Wellness and Beauty, says some symptoms of an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome include abnormal discharge, burning, itching, and a foul odor.

How you can better support vaginal microbiota and the vaginal biome

1. Avoid tight-fitting clothing

Tight-fitting clothing such as g-strings, thongs, and other synthetic fabrics can trap bacteria and moisture, which can cause irritation and increase your risk of developing a vaginal infection.

Instead, Saldaña says to wear breathable cotton underwear and choose loose-fitting pants or skirts when possible to allow air to circulate around the area.

You’ll also want to change your underwear at least once a day and more often if you’ve been active or have been sweating, says Saldaña. This helps keep bacteria levels in the vagina low and reduces the risk of infection and irritation.

2. Eat a balanced diet

Eating a balanced diet can help support the health of your vagina by providing it with the nutrients it needs to stay healthy and functioning, shares Saldaña. 

Foods that are rich in probiotics, such as fermented foods, kefir, and yogurt, can also help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina. Additionally, consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables will ensure you’re getting the minerals and vitamins needed to support vaginal health.

3. Pay attention to what you’re putting inside the vagina

One of the easiest ways to better support vaginal microbiota and the vaginal biome is by paying attention to what you’re putting inside yourself. Unless it’s fingers, period products like menstrual cups and tampons, or sex toys, they have no business being in your body. One at a time though, please.

Oh my gosh, wait, and penises too. (Girl, you know it’s been far too long when I’m forgetting to put penises on the list. Of all things that go inside a vagina…insert eye roll emoji here.) Literally though, if it’s not meant for menstruation or stimulation, you can go ahead and 86 it.

4. Practice proper hygiene

Saldaña says the vagina and vulva should be gently cleansed with warm water only. It’s never recommended to use body wash, cleanser, or soap that contains harsh chemicals on the vagina or outside of the vulva as this can cause infection or irritation. 

“The goal of cleaning the vagina and vulva is to remove debris, dirt, and sweat from the area but not to strip it of its natural bacteria and oils,” he says. Wiping too much or using harsh chemicals can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to irritation and potential infections.

You’ll also want to avoid scrubbing or using a washcloth as these can be too abrasive for the delicate skin in that area. Instead, it’s best to use your hands with lukewarm water only. Saldaña also says to skip the douching as this can disrupt the vagina’s natural balance of bacteria and pH.

5. Take a probiotic

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help restore the balance of bacteria in the vagina, says Saldaña.  They also provide other health benefits, such as aiding digestion and boosting the immune system.

“There are many probiotic supplements available over-the-counter or online, so it is best to speak with your healthcare provider if you are considering taking them,” says Saldaña.

The bottom line on the vaginal microbiome

The vaginal microbiome is the collection of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that live in a vagina. The health of the vaginal biome can even affect your overall health and wellness, but there are a few things you can do on a daily basis to better support your vaginal health. So go and make that Queen V a priority!